Political venues in the American political system are more numerous and available than ever, but in ways that are unbalanced, unequal, and often biased toward the economic interests of elites. Unlike previous eras of state-centered American federalism, the contemporary revival of the state involves a greater overlap of political authority across the country. On the eve of historic elections, a conundrum lies at the heart of Indonesian politics. Successive governments have built one of the most important foundations of a successful democracy: free, fair and. This issue of the Oxford Review focuses primarily on income and wealth, although other variables will be important in the analyzes offered by the various articles. Section II of this assessment discusses how inequality is defined. Section III examines why it matters, both in itself and its economic, social, and political implications. Today, many of these economists continue to emphasize problems of social and economic inequalities, while engaging with newer nuances and developments in the social sciences. . Stratification Economics SE is an emerging body of scholarship in heterodox economics and political economy more generally that addresses context. Inequalities in health outcomes, access to use of health services and health behaviors represent a recalcitrant problem in many countries, including Indonesia 1,2. Addressing health inequality is a central component of the SDGs: the concept of “leaving no one behind” underpins II. Data and estimate. In our empirical analysis we use the Gini coefficient of net disposable income, the income share of, and the ratio of relative income of to income of 20, as measures of income inequality. All series are obtained from the World Income Inequality database. The issue of inequality is closely linked to economic growth, social stability, ethnic relations and political cohesion. The topic of regional inequalities is widely discussed from various perspectives, including equity and efficiency, the role of countries and markets, global and local implications, and disparities among the rich. , which led to the country's first comprehensive assessment of health inequality, published in , indicators related to health issues were disaggregated according to dimensions of inequality, such as family economic status, education level. The study of income inequality and income mobility has been crucial to understanding India's recent economic situation. development. This paper, based on the first two waves of human development in India. The World Bank says income inequality in Indonesia is widening and as a result the fruits of Indonesia's economic growth over the past decade have been enjoyed only as a percentage, in terms of Indonesia's Gini coefficient, "a measure of national consumption inequality." , the value the country sees an increase. 1 2. This means that “income distribution has become, Inequality in Education: A Critical Analysis. W. James J ACOB and Donald B. HOLSINGER. Introduction. Many major development agencies have placed education and equity as key drivers. themes al. Second, appeal behavior and outcomes differ by race. This results in higher assessment growth rates for minority residents. We propose an alternative approach to construct index-based assessments